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TIME: Almanac 1990
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1990 Time Magazine Compact Almanac, The (1991)(Time).iso
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time
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111389
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1990-09-19
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BUSINESS, Page 81The Supply-Side ScourgeCocaine is so abundant that interdiction fails to affect prices
The traffickers hid their stockpile where they hoped no one
would want to look: inside 10-gal. drums of sodium hydroxide, a
caustic powder. When narcotics agents discovered the cache last
Friday night in a warehouse in Queens, N.Y., they had to call in
hazardous-waste specialists to handle the material. Total amount
seized: as much as 5 1/2 tons. Only five weeks earlier, police had
broken open a $6 padlock on the door of a warehouse in suburban Los
Angeles and discovered 21.4 tons of cocaine, the largest U.S. cache
ever grabbed. All told, authorities estimate, they will have seized
85 tons of coke this year, a 55% increase over 1988.
In the glow of victory, narcotics officers congratulated one
another on finally putting a dent in the drug-smuggling apparatus.
But in recent weeks the vastly increased tonnage of captured
cocaine has been generating some anxious rethinking about the scale
of America's coke problem. Reason: since cocaine is essentially a
commodity, its price follows the same basic rules of supply and
demand that apply to wheat, soybeans and pork bellies. When supply
is abundant, prices fall; when there is scarcity, prices rise.
Ominously, the huge U.S. seizures in the past few months, along
with the Colombian government's crackdown on the Medellin cartel,
have done almost nothing to boost the price of the drug on either
the wholesale or retail levels. Contends Glen Levant, the deputy
police chief in Los Angeles: "Surely this must validate our belief
that there is much, much more cocaine in the pipeline than anyone
thought."
Federal officials have never been sure how much cocaine is
consumed in the U.S., but the conventional estimate has been 100
tons annually. Since agents have captured nearly that much already
this year and seizures are generally considered to represent only
a small proportion of total supply, cocaine use could be several
times that volume. But speculation about a far bigger than expected
U.S. cocaine trade is only one of the theories that attempt to
explain the recent huge seizures and their failure to increase
prices. Some experts contend that the Colombian government's
campaign against the drug lords has prompted them to move huge
stockpiles out of that country and warehouse them in Mexico and the
U.S.
The new projections of the cocaine supply, which still amount
to guesswork, nonetheless indicate that the Government's longtime
effort at interdicting shipments has been largely ineffective. In
fact, smugglers have become so efficient and so numerous that since
1981 the median national retail price of cocaine has declined from
$115 a gram to $88.
Lately cocaine prices have increased in a few cities, but
experts on both sides of the law see no close connection between
enforcement efforts and price levels. In Miami, the main gateway
for drug smuggling, the cost of a kilo has jumped 44% in the past
two months, to as much as $23,000. But for the U.S. as a whole,
which consumes three-fourths of the world's cocaine production,
wholesale and retail prices have been stable.
One reason prices have become dangerously affordable is that
smugglers have proved so flexible. When federal agents cracked down
on shipments through South Florida, traffickers started routing
shipments through the porous Mexican border. At the same time, the
smuggling industry has plenty of competition. When Colombia's
campaign against the Medellin cartel hampered that group's
operations, the rival Cali-based group filled the vacuum.
In fact, the smuggling industry has been so effective that
cocaine prices might have fallen further. But the entrepreneurial
response among street-level dealers was to begin moving crack. The
smokable, highly addictive form of the drug has increased demand
and sales volume.
Even the strategy document issued by William Bennett, the
director of national drug policy, concedes that interdiction is
mainly a symbolic effort. Its lack of results underscores the need
to intercept cocaine in other places. Specifically, the document
recommends a stronger effort to cut cocaine off at both ends of the
pipeline: the source of the abundant supply as well as the
seemingly insatiable demand.